Music and language (M&L) are uniquely human capacities. Often their boundaries are blurred—in song and poetry, or in the melodic way we communicate with infants; and most certainly, M&L share a number of design features, such as their “syntactic” structures and dynamics of rhythm and melody. Although M&L are by no means identical, they may be similar enough for the brain to apply similar “solutions” to their perception and production—shared solutions that may account for music–language synergies and hold promise for rehabilitation and pedagogy. The degrees to which human cognition dissociates or integrates M&L, and how M&L are grounded neurally and linked both cognitively and aesthetically, are questions that the Research Group Neurocognition of Music and Language aims to tackle. To that end, we combine modern neuroscientific methods (e.g., fMRI, M/EEG, and TMS) with perspectives from linguistics, music theory, and cognitive psychology; systematically deconstruct and compare perceptual, cognitive, and expressive stages of M&L processing; and explore their underlying neural networks and inner dynamics.